AI forecasting & timelines

Scaling laws, takeoff dynamics, emergent abilities, and timeline forecasting for transformative AI.

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The Coming Technological SingularityVernor Vinge

Vinge coined the Singularity as a near-term horizon beyond which superhuman intelligence makes prediction impossible, framing the urgency that drives alignment timelines today.

Advanced~25 min read1993
Language Models are Few-Shot Learners (GPT-3)OpenAI

GPT-3 demonstrated in-context learning at scale, forcing the field to rethink assumptions about what pretrained models can do and compressing alignment timelines.

Advanced2020
Scaling Laws for Neural Language ModelsJared Kaplan et al.

Kaplan et al. quantified predictable performance scaling with compute, data, and parameters, enabling labs to forecast capability jumps and estimate safety lead time.

Advanced2020
Emergent Abilities of LLMsWei et al.

Wei et al. documented capability discontinuities appearing at key scale thresholds, raising concern that dangerous abilities could emerge unpredictably in larger models.

Advanced2022
Sparks of Artificial General IntelligenceSebastien Bubeck et al.

Bubeck et al. documented broad GPT-4 capability jumps across domains, compressing alignment timelines and stress-testing whether current safety evaluations are sufficient.

Advanced2023
Are Emergent Abilities a Mirage?Schaeffer et al.

Schaeffer et al. argued apparent emergence can be a measurement artifact rather than a true phase change, complicating how we forecast dangerous capability thresholds.

Advanced2023
The Singularity is NearRay Kurzweil

Kurzweil presents a maximalist case for merging with machines backed by decades of exponential trend data, shaping how the public and policymakers think about AI timelines.

Intermediate~20 hr read2005
The Age of Spiritual MachinesRay Kurzweil

Kurzweil's early timeline forecasts shaped modern discourse on AI trajectories and remain a key reference point for evaluating long-horizon predictions.

Intermediate1999
SuperforecastingPhilip Tetlock

Tetlock teaches the cognitive tools needed to predict technological risks with better-than-random accuracy, directly useful for AI timeline and governance forecasting.

Intermediate2015
Profiles of the FutureArthur C. Clarke

Clarke's forecasting framework, including his famous three laws, remains a classic guide to thinking clearly about radical technological change.

Intermediate1962
R.U.R.Karel Čapek

The play that invented the word robot and forecast a trajectory from labor displacement to manufactured revolt, still the template for every automation anxiety narrative.

Beginner1920
AccelerandoCharles Stross

Stross depicts rapid recursive technological acceleration outpacing institutional response, a narrative model of hard-to-govern AI takeoff dynamics across three generations.

Beginner2005
Clearer Thinking: AI RiskSpencer Greenberg

Episodes on AI risk, timelines, and decision-making under deep uncertainty, with a rationalist focus on calibrating beliefs about transformative AI.

Beginner2023
Machine Learning Street TalkTim Scarfe et al.

Technical ML interviews with regular deep dives into interpretability, scaling laws, emergent capabilities, and the safety implications of frontier model development.

Beginner2020
Jacob Steinhardt's blogJacob Steinhardt

Research and commentary on ML safety, forecasting, and robustness from a Berkeley professor working on practical safety problems.

Intermediate
Gwern Branwen's blogGwern Branwen

Deeply researched essays on ML, scaling, AI art, and technology forecasting, known for rigorous analysis and independent thinking.

Intermediate
AI ImpactsAI Impacts

Empirical research on AI timelines, historical technology analogies, and quantitative estimates of AI progress and impact.

Intermediate